Scientists Discover Molecule behind the Fat-Burning Effect of Exercise
It is a known fact that exercise is good for the body. But as to why exactly it promotes weight loss and improves health is less understood. Now, a new study published in the journal Cell Metabolism has identified a molecule that is produced during exercise which contributes to its beneficial effects, particularly on metabolism.
Previous studies have shown that a protein called PGC-1∝ regulates metabolic genes in muscle and contributes to the response of muscle to exercise. But as to how the PGC-1∝-mediated response to exercise in muscle conveys signals to other tissues is unclear. For the current study, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School conducted series of experiments in cells and mice, in which they forced the expression of PGC-1∝ in muscle cells and then looked for metabolites that were secreted from the cells. The team identified β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) as one such metabolite and found that it increased fat cells’ expression of genes that are involved with burning calories. It also decreased weight gain and helped balance blood sugar levels in mice.
Previous research revealed that BAIBA levels rise during exercise and are inversely associated with metabolic risk factors. Specifically, BAIBA levels were inversely correlated with fasting blood sugar levels, insulin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. In addition, there was a trend toward an inverse association with body mass index.
"Our finding bolsters the underlying notion that signals generated in one organ—such as exercising muscle—are released into the circulation and influence other tissues such as fat cells and liver," says senior author Dr. Robert Gerszten of the Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Research Centre at Massachusetts General Hospital.
"Manipulating BAIBA—or the enzymes that generate BAIBA—may have therapeutic potential," says Gerszten. "Burning fat is likely to impact multiple aspects of metabolic health related to diabetes, heart disease, and other conditions." the researchers wrote. Their findings may also lead to the development of new treatments to trim down weight, and lower the risk of diabetes and heart disease.
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